BACK FROM THE BRINK
逃脱灭绝边缘
These five animal species once faced extinction, but their populations are bouncing back— thanks to intensive conservation efforts.
这五个动物物种曾经一度濒危，但是，得益于大量的保护措施，它们的种群数量目前正在反弹。
MORE THAN A QUARTER of all species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature are considered threatened. Many species have moved through several of the IUCN Red List categories—from least concern to vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, and ultimately extinct. But every once in a while, a species takes a step away from the brink—in other words, it's downlisted. That doesn't always happen without help. Conservation measures over the years helped improve the status of 13 animal species worldwide in 2018 (five are shown here). Such downlistings are worth celebrating, but some scientists worry that they'll slow the momentum required to keep an animal safe. In assessments so far in 2019 where the status changed, in every case the species declined.
世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）所评估的所有物种中有超过四分之一被认定为"近危"。许多物种在IUCN濒危物种红色名录的数个濒危等级中一路迁升——从"无危"到"易危"、"濒危"、"极危"，最终到"绝灭"。但是，偶尔也会有一些物种逃脱灭绝边缘——换句话说，"降级"了。这件事很难在没有帮助的情况下独立完成。2018年，多年来的保护措施协助改善了全球范围内13个动物物种的生存状况（以下显示五种）。此类"降级"是值得庆贺的，可是，一些科学家也担心这种成绩将放缓动物安全保护的势头。2019年所有被评估状况改变的物种中，每一个物种都出现衰退。
CONSERVATION STATUS 保护状况
1. Least concern 无危
2. Near threatened 近危
3. Vulnerable 易危
4. Endangered 濒危
5. Critically endangered 极度濒危
MAIN THREATS 主要威胁
- Land use 土地利用
- Climate change 气候变化
- Invasive species/disease 入侵物种/疾病
- Resource depletion 资源耗竭
- Human activity 人类活动
- Pollution 污染
FIN WHALE 长须鲸
The fin whale population has doubled since the 1970s because of reduced catches in the North Atlantic and international bans oncommercial whaling.
由于北大西洋的捕猎减少以及国际上明令禁止商业捕鲸，自1970年代以来长须鲸的种群数量翻了一番。
易危| 资源耗竭/人类活动
Some whale species are rebounding, but others, such as the North Atlantic right whale, still face significant threats and could be functionally extinct in just a few decades. (To learn more, see "Untangling Whales" in this issue.)
一些鲸鱼物种的数量正在回升，但是其它物种，诸如北大西洋脊美鲸依然面临严重的威胁，或将于短短几十年内到达功能性灭绝。（欲了解更多相关信息，请参见《"解"救鲸鱼》一文）
NORTHERN BALD IBIS 隐鹮
Egyptian mythology's iridescent bird, with only a few fully wild colonies left (in Morocco), is being brought back into its former range, including the Alps.
埃及神话中彩虹色的鸟，目前仅存几个完全野生的种群（在摩洛哥）。现在它们正在被带回过去的栖息地，包括阿尔卑斯山脉。
濒危| 土地利用/气候变化/人类活动/污染
AMSTERDAM ALBATROSS 阿姆斯特丹信天翁
The number of albatrosses nesting on a moss-covered island plateau in the Indian Ocean has risen; invasive mice and disease continue to be a threat.
印度洋某个苔藓覆盖的岛屿高地上筑巢的信天翁数量有所上涨；入侵的鼠类及疾病持续对其构成威胁。
濒危| 资源耗竭/入侵物种
ROUND ISLAND DAY GECKO 圆岛残趾虎
Rabbits and goats introduced in the 19th century devastated the gecko's habitat, but restoration efforts have made the island more hospitable to the lizard.
19世纪兔子和山羊的引进破坏了这种壁虎的栖息地，不过，修复工作使得这座岛屿更适宜类蜥蜴爬行动物生存。
易危| 入侵物种/气候变化
PINK PIGEON 粉红鸽
Programs to control predators and encourage breeding on Mauritius have helped the population climb from fewer than 10 birds in the wild to hundreds.
在毛里求斯，打击偷猎者的行动计划和助长粉红鸽繁殖帮助这一种群的数量从野外存活少于10只，一路攀升至成百上千只。
易危| 土地利用/资源耗竭/入侵物种/气候变化
