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英语语法讲解：第一讲 语序和五种基本句型
音频讲解
（文末可领取该讲知识点思维导图）
动词分类根据动词的词义和在谓语
中的作用，动词可以分为
实义动词、助动词、情态
助动词三类。
一、实义动词 Notional Verb
特点：
1、词义角度：实义动词具备完整的词汇意义
2、谓语中的作用角度：实义动词能单独充当句子谓语
英语中除了助动词和情态动词外，其他的均为实义动词
如：
喜欢 like
跳 jump
写 write
跑 run
走 walk
吃 eat
读 read
唱 sing
……


二、助动词 Auxiliary Verb
特点：
1、词义角度：助动词不具备词汇意义
2、谓语中的作用角度：助动词不能单独充当句子谓语
（它必须和实义动词连用，以构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问等）
助动词有：
1) be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being
帮助构成进行时态  I'm studying English.
帮助构成被动语态  He was cheated.
be动词小诗：
I 用 am，
you 用 are，
is 连着 he，she，it，
单数主语用 is，
复数主语都用 are.
如：I am a girl.
You are my best friend.
He is tall.
She is my pretty mommy.
It is a red pen.
That tree is green.
These pencils are black.
2) do: does, did
帮助实义动词构成否定  I do not like math.
帮助实义动词构成疑问  Do you like English?
动词原形：用 do
第三人称单数形式：用 does
动词过去式：用 did
（助动词是照妖镜，它一出现，后面的实义动词一定要还原）
如：
肯定句：I like salad.
否定句：I do not like salad.
疑问句：Do you like salad?
肯定句：He wants to leave.
否定句：He does not want to leave.
疑问句：Does he want to leave?
肯定句：She loved that novel so much.
否定句：She did not love that novel so much.
疑问句：Did she love thay novel so much?
3) have: has, had, having
帮助构成完成时态  I have studied English for 5 years.
三、情态助动词 Modal Verb
特点：
1、词义角度：情态动词有其自身的词汇意义
2、在谓语中的作用角度：与助动词一样，情态动词不能在句中单独作句子谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成复合谓语。
3、情态动词无人称和数的变化
4、情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形
5、否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"
6、疑问句式是将情态动词提到句首
如：
My mommy can speak English.
I can jump very high.
Oh, poor little cat! It can not see the food.
Can you jump very high?
常见的情态动词有：
can/ could
may/ might
must
shall/ should
will/ would
have to
ought to
used to
need/ dare

（可点击放大并保存）
动词分类练习
找出下列句中的实义动词、助动词或情态动词：
1) Learning a language takes a lot of time.
2) Failure is the mother of success.
3) The factory was built last year.
4) He can't speak French.
5) When you sleep, you can leave the light on.
6) She speaks Chinese well.
7) That will help you a lot.
8) My mom will find me a good Japanese teacher.
9) I often do my homework at school, but yesterday I did it at home.
10) I have a super great dad. He always makes me happy.
动词分类练习参考答案1) takes 实义动词
2) is 系动词
3) was 助动词， built 实义动词
4) can't 情态动词， speak 实义动词
5) sleep 实义动词，can 情态动词， leave 实义动词
6) speak 实义动词
7) will 情态动词, help 实义动词
8) will 情态动词， find 实义动词
9) do, did 实义动词
10) have, makes 实义动词
          

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